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31.
谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪抗菌肽PR-39 mRNA的表达调控 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文旨在探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对断奶仔猪抗菌肽PR-39 mRNA表达的影响.选取64头胎次相同、28日龄断奶、体重(7.50±0.67)kg的三元杂交仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分为2个组,即基础日粮对照组和1.0%Gln添加组,每组设4个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各1/2).于试验第28天,进行细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量的分析.于第30天,采用半定量RT-PCR研究日粮中添加Gln对PR-39 mRNA的影响.试验结果表明:Gln添加显著提高仔猪血清中IL-1β含量(P<0.05),但对血清IL-6和TNF-α及空肠黏膜TNF-α、IL-2无显著影响(P>0.05);显著促使骨髓,空肠黏膜中PR-39 mRNA的表达(P<0.05),与对照组相比,骨髓和空肠黏膜中PR-39 mRNA分别提高50.5%(P<0.05)和24.0%(P<0.05).由结果可知,断奶仔猪日粮中添加Gln能显著促使骨髓及空肠黏膜PR-39 mRNA表达上调. 相似文献
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Edenio Detmann Mrio F. Paulino Hilrio C. Mantovani Sebastio de C. Valadares Filho Cludia B. Sampaio Marjorrie A. de Souza Ísis Lazzarini Kelly S.C. Detmann 《Livestock Science》2009,126(1-3):136-146
This work aimed to parameterize the ruminal degradation of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) from low-quality tropical forage using Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The intake, rumen outflow (L), fractional degradation rate (kd), discrete lag (LAG) and effective degradability (ED) of NDF, and the microbial flow of nitrogenous compounds into the small intestine (Nmic) were assessed in two 5 × 5 Latin square experiments by using five Holstein × Zebu heifers cannulated in the rumen. The experiments were carried out sequentially and the treatments were formed by increasing the level of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds. A low-quality signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay was used as roughage. The nitrogen supplement was a mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate and albumin, at the ratios of 4.5:0.5:1.0, respectively. The crude protein contents in the diets ranged from 51.9 to 136.3 g/kg of dry matter. The rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN) concentration was used as an independent variable. The NDF intake, L and Nmic showed a quadratic pattern (P < 0.05) as a function of RAN concentration, and the critical points (maximum responses) were observed with 15.17, 16.28, and 14.52 mg of RAN/dL of rumen fluid, respectively. On the other hand, ED and LAG presented a linear-response-plateau (P < 0.05) according to the RAN concentration, with break points close to 8 mg/dL for ED (maximum estimate) and LAG (minimum estimate). The RAN concentrations to optimize NDF degradation and intake were defined as 8 and 15 mg/dL, respectively. This difference between estimates appears to be due to a better adequacy of the metabolizable protein:metabolizable energy ratio in the animal metabolism, which increases the animal intake even after the rumen NDF degradation has been optimized. This observation was supported by Nmic pattern. An adapted Michaelis–Menten model was applied to the data, where RAN was the independent variable and kd the dependent variable. The relationship between these variables was found to be significant by using the Hanes–Woolf plot (P < 0.01). Based on this model, the rate of NDF degradation as a function of RAN concentration indicates that fibre degradation in the rumen could be considered a second order process. In this context, the RAN concentration of 8 mg/dL was assumed as the limit where zero order (below limit) and first order (above limit) reactions become predominant for NDF degradation in the rumen. 相似文献
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Increased root exudation and a related stimulation of rhizosphere-microbial growth have been hypothesised as possible explanations for a lower nitrogen- (N-) nutritional status of plants grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, due to enhanced plant-microbial N competition in the rhizosphere. Leguminous plants may be able to counterbalance the enhanced N requirement by increased symbiotic N2 fixation. Only limited information is available about the factors determining the stimulation of symbiotic N2 fixation in response to elevated CO2.In this study, short-term effects of elevated CO2 on quality and quantity of root exudation, and on carbon supply to the nodules were assessed in Phaseolus vulgaris, grown in soil culture with limited (30 mg N kg−1 soil) and sufficient N supply (200 mg N kg−1 soil), at ambient (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated (800 μmol mol−1) atmospheric CO2 concentrations.Elevated CO2 reduced N tissue concentrations in both N treatments, accelerated the expression of N deficiency symptoms in the N-limited variant, but did not affect plant biomass production. 14CO2 pulse-chase labelling revealed no indication for a general increase in root exudation with subsequent stimulation of rhizosphere microbial growth, resulting in increased N-competition in the rhizosphere at elevated CO2. However, a CO2-induced stimulation in root exudation of sugars and malate as a chemo-attractant for rhizobia was detected in 0.5-1.5 cm apical root zones as potential infection sites. Particularly in nodules, elevated CO2 increased the accumulation of malate as a major carbon source for the microsymbiont and of malonate with essential functions for nodule development. Nodule number, biomass and the proportion of leghaemoglobin-producing nodules were also enhanced. The release of nod-gene-inducing flavonoids (genistein, daidzein and coumestrol) was stimulated under elevated CO2, independent of the N supply, and was already detectable at early stages of seedling development at 6 days after sowing. 相似文献
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根据深圳轨道交通二期蛇口线信号联锁系统和ZDJ(9)转辙机设备的特点,主要探讨信号专业道岔设备维护模式和故障处理流程,以提高设备检修质量和故障处理效率,减少设备故障,降低对运营带来的影响。 相似文献
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为分析抗菌肽粗提物对肉鸡生长性能、粪便微生物菌群结构及经济效益的影响,试验选择体重相近的21日龄白羽肉鸡600只,随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复10只,1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的抗菌肽粗提物,试验期为21 d。结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组的平均采食均高于1组(P > 0.05)|试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高11.0%、9.4%(P < 0.05),料重比较1组比分别降低18.5%、15.2% (P < 0.05)|(2)试验3、4组粪便中大肠杆菌的含量较1组分别降低14.3%、18.0%(P < 0.05),试验3、4组粪便中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的含量较1组比分别提高4.6%、6.7%、14.5%、12.3%(P < 0.05)|(3)试验3、4组每只肉鸡经济效益较1组比分别提高19.3%、17.7%。综上,1.5%抗菌肽粗提物添加可以提高白羽肉鸡生长性能,改善粪便微生物菌群结构,提高其经济效益。
[关键词] 抗菌肽粗提物|白羽肉鸡|生长性能|粪便微生物菌群结构|经济效益 相似文献
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以绵羊乳酪蛋白为原料,采用中性蛋白酶水解制备生物活性肽,研究酶解时间对酶解产物水解度和血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制率的影响,利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对水解产物进行分析和鉴定,筛选具有潜在ACE抑制作用的生物活性肽。结果表明:酶解时间达到300 min时,水解度最高值达9.65%,ACE抑制率为84.55%;当ACE抑制率达到50%时,所需肽段YYQQRP浓度为5~10 μmol/L;利用超高效液相色谱飞行时间质谱仪对酶解后的多肽进行序列分析, 相似文献
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This experiment aimed to examine the effect of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) in comparison with using sub-therapeutic doses of lincomycin and the excessive inclusion of vitamin E on performance, immunity, total antioxidant capacity of serum and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-d-old male broiler chicks with similar initial weight (Ross strain) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (8 chicks/pen): non-treated group (basal diet), basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg lincomycin, basal diet supplemented with 50 IU vitamin E, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter period, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter and grower periods and basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg throughout the whole experiment. The highest final body weight was obtained in the group supplemented with BPC in starter and grower periods. In the finisher phase, broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the starter period and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) better feed conversion ratios (FCR). Jejunal villus height was significantly elevated in broilers supplemented with antibiotic (P < 0.001), furthermore it tended to be greater in broilers fed BPC in the starter period. The jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in broilers fed the diet containing antibiotic in comparison to other groups. Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease vaccine tended to be elevated in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial (P > 0.05). Broilers supplemented with BPC in starter and grower, and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The highest total antioxidant capacity was obtained in broilers supplemented with the excessive level of vitamin E, furthermore it tended to improve in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial. In summary, the results of the study indicated that addition of BPC in broiler diets in the whole trial could improve FCR, immune responses and total antioxidant activity of serum, and BPC could be used in broiler diets as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. 相似文献